1부 · 기초 다지기 — 05화

Practicing Research and Writing Ethics

Chapter purpose. By the end of this chapter, you should be able to apply the central concepts to a real assignment, research paper, thesis, or article in your own discipline.

Ethics throughout the project

Ethics is not a form completed after a design has been finalized. It shapes the research question, recruitment, consent, data handling, analysis, representation, authorship, and dissemination. Researchers should minimize harm, communicate honestly, respect participants, and avoid claims that exceed the evidence.

Institutional requirements in Korea

Requirements vary by institution and discipline. Before collecting data from people or using protected records, consult the responsible professor, department, and institutional review process. Do not assume that classroom access, workplace access, or possession of data constitutes permission to use those materials for research.

Source use and plagiarism

A quotation reproduces exact language and requires quotation marks or block formatting plus a citation. A paraphrase expresses the source's meaning in a genuinely new structure and wording while retaining a citation. A summary condenses a larger argument and also requires attribution. Changing a few words is not an adequate paraphrase. Maintain notes that clearly separate copied language from your own writing.

Responsible collaboration

Discuss contribution, authorship order, file ownership, and decision authority early. Keep a record of contributions and disclose conflicts of interest. Translation, language editing, statistical support, and generative tools should be used only in accordance with applicable course, journal, and institutional rules. The named author remains accountable for accuracy and integrity.

Research integrity, IRB review, authorship, and generative AI

Ethics review and research integrity are related but not identical. Research involving people, identifiable private information, or human-derived materials may require review by an Institutional Review Board (IRB; 기관생명윤리위원회) before data collection. Korea's institutional system operates under the Bioethics and Safety Act, and the National Institute for Bioethics Policy provides information and shared-review services (National Institute for Bioethics Policy, 2026). Students must use their own institution's current procedures and must not describe a project as "exempt" unless the authorized process has made that determination. Research integrity also governs projects that do not require IRB review. It includes honest data handling, accurate reporting, traceable source use, disclosure of conflicts of interest, appropriate credit, and correction of errors. The Korean Ministry of Education's researchethics guidance applies institutional responsibilities and misconduct procedures broadly to research outputs, including theses and academic articles (Ministry of Education, 2022). Keep raw data, processed data, code, consent records, and analytic decisions in approved locations for the period required by the institution or funder. Discuss authorship early and revisit it when roles change. Contribution, accountability, and approval—not status alone—should determine authorship. Use a written contribution table covering conceptualization, methodology, data work, analysis, software, visualization, drafting, and revision. The CRediT taxonomy supplies a standardized vocabulary for describing contributor roles (National Information Standards Organization [NISO], 2022). The order of authors differs across fields, so supervisors and students should explicitly agree on the intended convention, the corresponding author, revision duties, and the conditions under which the order may change. A generative-AI system cannot accept responsibility for a paper and should not be listed as an author. If a tool is permitted, document its name and version, purpose, material supplied to it, verification performed, and any disclosure required by the course, university, journal, or research team. Human authors remain accountable for accuracy, originality, confidentiality, bias, and citations (Miao & Holmes, 2023).

Discipline rotation—health and medicine

A public-health student interviewing patients must address recruitment power dynamics, informed consent, privacy, distress, secure storage, and the consequences of quoting potentially identifiable narratives. Scientific value does not cancel the obligation to protect participants.